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ABSTRACT
The dramatic increase in data rates in this has caused radio spectrum usage to be an essential and critical issue. Spectrum sharing is widely recognized as an affordable, near-term method to address this issue. This paper first characterizes the new features of spectrum sharing in future wireless networks, including heterogeneity in sharing bands, diversity in sharing patterns, crowd intelligence in sharing devices, and hyper densification in sharing networks. Then, to harness the benefits of these unique features and promote a vision of spectrum without bounds and networks without borders, this paper introduces a new concept of the Internet of spectrum devices (iOS Ds) and develops a cloud-based architecture for IoSD over future wireless networks, with the prime aim of building a bridging network among various spectrum monitoring devices and massive spectrum utilization devices, and enabling a highly efficient spectrum sharing and management paradigm for future wireless networks. Furthermore, this paper presents a systematic tutorial on the key enabling techniques of the IoSD, including big spectrum data analytics, hierarchal spectrum resource optimization, and quality of experience-oriented spectrum service evaluation. In addition, the unresolved research issues are also presented.
Introduction
The dramatic increase in data rates offered by the mobile
Internet and Internet of Things (IoT) is overwhelming
the allocated 2G/3G/4G radio spectrum, which has caused
spectrum usage to be an essential and critical issue for
future wireless networks. Spectrum sharing has been
widely recognized as an affordable, near-term method to
increase radio access network capacities for 5G content
delivery Notably, spectrum sharing for future wireless
networks extends the previous studies on cognitive radio based spectrum sharing as it has the following new features:
Heterogeneity in sharing bands. Spectrum sharing in
future wireless networks will likely occur in both
licensed bands (e.g., the 2.3-2.4 GHz band in Europe
and the 3.55-3.65 GHz band in the USA) and unlicensed
bands (e.g., ISM bands and TV white spaces).
Diversity in sharing patterns. One distinguishing feature
of the potential spectrum usage is the diversity, i.e.,
aside from the licensed exclusive access in traditional
cellular networks, licensed/authorized shared access,
unlicensed shared access (also known as LTE in unlicensed bands), and primary-secondary opportunistic
access will coexist.
Crowd intelligence in sharing devices. The exponential growth of personal wireless devices (e.g., smart
phones, tablets, and vehicle wireless devices) has led
to the critical spectrum deficit phenomenon for nextgeneration cellular networks. However, the richness of
wireless sensors, the growth of storage and computing
resources, and the powerful programmable capability
together greatly increase the intelligence level of personal wireless devices. Consequently, the exploration
and exploitation of the benefits of the crowd intelligence
of the massive number of personal wireless devices will
be a key aspect in the design of efficient spectrum sharing techniques in future wireless networks.
Hyper-densification in sharing networks. One dominant
theme of wireless evolution in future wireless
networks is network densification, which is mainly
realized by increasing the density of infrastructure nodes
(such as base stations and relays) and the corresponding
network terminals in the given geographic area. Efficient spectrum sharing techniques are urgently needed
in hyper-densification wireless networks to enable the
harmonious coexistence of macro cells, small cells,
femtocells, device-to-device and machine-to-machine
communications.
These new unique features in spectrum sharing
simultaneously introduce exciting research opportunities and
critical technical challenges simultaneously. To fully exploit
the benefits of spectrum sharing, this tutorial article starts
from the discussion of well-known research issues in the
literature on optimizing the use of the radio spectrum and
then presents new ideas and corresponding key enabling techniques. Specifically, introduce an emerging and largely unexplored concept of the Internet of Spectrum Devices (IoSD)
and develops a cloud-based architecture for the IoSD over
future wireless networks. This idea mainly comes from the
first attempt to properly integrate of the concepts of spectrum sharing, internet of things, and cloud computing for
enabling a highly efficient spectrum sharing and management
paradigm. Furthermore, this article presents a systematic
tutorial on the key enabling techniques of the IoSD, including
big spectrum data analytics, hierarchal spectrum resource
optimization, and quality of experience (QoE)-oriented spectrum service evaluation. Moreover, this article also presents the unsolved research issues ahead.
